Fact and Innovation: Hope for Wild Horses
Fact and Innovation: Hope for Wild Horses
Imagine, fact-based research working hand-in-glove with innovative solutions to address wild horse overpopulation. This approach requires patience, a trait essential for wild horses and embodied by Jay F. Kirkpatrick, founder and director of The Science and Conservation Center at Zoo Montana.
Kirkpatrick, who earned his Ph.D. in reproductive biology from Cornell University, began his research during a time when abundant wildlife and drought conditions strained the grazing regions of the West. This led to the wild horse becoming a primary target for removal, prompting the passage of the Wild Horse and Burro Act of 1971.
In 1992, after extensive research and successful efforts in South Africa, Kirkpatrick and his colleagues introduced the use of Porcine Zona Pellucida (PZP) on horses at Assateague Island National Seashore. This contraceptive method, initially developed by UC Davis researcher Dr. Jerry Hedrick, has shown promise in managing wild horse populations.
Dr. Kirkpatrick shared insights into the wild horse dilemma, emphasizing its relevance to every American due to its impact on public land use and the preservation of the wild horse as an American icon.
Challenges and Solutions
What theory or case are opponents to PZP using to stop its administration?
Opponents cite studies from Cape Lookout National Seashore, which suggest negative scenarios using the word “may.” However, none of these scenarios have materialized in the 35 different wild horse projects treated over 29 years.
Why has the current roundup and remove paradigm for wild horse management failed?
Roundups are stressful and economically unsustainable, costing $75 million annually. They also lead to genetic issues and compensatory reproduction, where herd growth rates can jump significantly.
The Role of Fertility Control
Why might fertility control be considered a more effective tool for managing wild horses?
Fertility control addresses unchecked reproduction rather than symptoms like range damage and competition with livestock.
What are the animal welfare benefits of fertility control for the horses?
Benefits include fewer roundups, improved health, decreased mortality, increased longevity, and improved genetics.
Are there some hidden or less obvious issues with wild horses?
Yes, including public land use, cultural changes, and political dynamics. As Kirkpatrick noted in the Salt Lake Tribune, these factors contribute to the current unworkable system of wild horse roundups.
Progress and Future Directions
What has been accomplished so far with fertility control?
There are 36 ongoing wild horse fertility control projects across various agencies and locations, with PZP also used in bison herds and African elephant populations.
Can the BLM or Forest Service set up a process for PZP administration and why haven’t they?
Local BLM herd management areas can and do implement PZP treatments, but they must fund these efforts independently.
Originally published June 2015 in New Flash: The Newsletter of the Jicarilla Mustang Heritage Alliance.