BLM Explores New Methods for Managing Wild Horses

The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) is adopting new, humane strategies to manage wild horse populations. These efforts aim to maintain ecological balance while ensuring the well-being of the horses. A key component of this strategy is the use of contraceptive vaccines, which have proven effective in reducing herd growth without resorting to removals.

Innovative Management Techniques

The BLM used to conduct frequent roundups of wild horses, sometimes using helicopters. However, recent efforts have shifted towards more gentle methods, akin to inviting horses to dinner. This fall, the BLM is seeking public comment on a plan for the Pryor Mountain Wild Horse Range. Specialists will set up portable pens at water sources, gradually acclimating horses to enter and exit freely before selectively closing the pens.

Goals for the Pryor Mountain Wild Horse Range

• Maintain a balanced male-to-female ratio.
• Preserve a core breeding population aged 5 to 10 years.
• Protect the characteristics of Colonial Spanish Type horses.
• Preserve rare coloration and prevent the loss of bloodlines.

This fall, the BLM plans to remove 25 horses aged 1-3 years, as the current population of 167 exceeds the range's carrying capacity of 90-120. Overgrazing is a concern, and the fall operation may be one of the last in the Pryors. Fortunately, the BLM has a powerful tool to manage populations without removals: a contraceptive vaccine.

The Role of Contraceptive Vaccines

Developed in Billings, the PZP (porcine zona pellucida) vaccine is a groundbreaking solution. Jay Kirkpatrick, head of the Science & Conservation Center, has been instrumental in its development. The vaccine is used by zoos and wildlife agencies globally, including 35 sites in the U.S. and 20 game reserves in South Africa. It has significantly reduced herd growth in the Pryor wild horse herd, with only 15 to 18 foals expected this year.

"The Billings Field Office is excited to be on the cusp of nearly eliminating the need for wild horse removals due to the use of PZP," said Jim Sparks, field manager, in a March press release.

Most humane organizations and wild horse advocates support the vaccine, which has led to healthier populations and ranges. This success story began in Billings and continues with the nonprofit Science & Conservation Center adjacent to ZooMontana.

-- Billings (Mont.) Gazette

Originally published in the Bismark Tribune. View on Tribune website here.